It was reassuring to know when these weeks were approaching – and, more importantly, when the clingy, fussy behaviour would end!
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วันจันทร์ที่ 14 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2557
The baby fog: growth spurts and wonder weeks
The wonder weeks
Piloj and van de Rijt also found that these mental developmental leaps are accompanied by difficult periods, with crying, clinginess and crankiness, and often with increased hunger or a loss in appetite, as well as interrupted sleep. These times are followed by “sunny weeks”, when babies seem a lot happier.
Babies can’t immediately master all the skills that become available to them after each leap – they’ll focus on the things that interest them most
Babies can’t immediately master all the skills that become available to them after each leap – instead, they’ll focus on the things that interest them most and that they find simplest to do. Try to keep track of which skills your baby displays after a wonder week, and help him practice them.
The pattern of a sunny week, followed by a fussy period, followed by the wonder week, will recur from five weeks right up until 20 months. To work out when to expect wonder weeks, you should use the baby’s expected due date, rather than the actual day of the birth, as babies born early or late may experience leaps at slightly different times. For this reason, premature babies will usually reach wonder weeks later than other babies.
The world of changing sensations: As your baby’s metabolism develops, and has a growth spurt in head circumference, she’s able to notice more of what’s happening in the world. After this week, she’ll look at things more frequently, respond to touch differently, start to give ‘social smiles’, respond to smell, and be more alert during awake periods. A sunny week should follow at approximately week 6.
Leap 2: Anywhere between 7½-9½ weeksThe world of patterns: This wonder week helps babies to be able to recognise simple patterns to life, and the way these patterns apply to the way they can use their bodies and find familiarity in the people and objects they see. After this week, your baby will be able to hold her head more steadily, turn her head towards sound, shift her weight while sitting, start showing signs of grasping, feel toys without trying to grasp them, discover and observe parts of her body, look at patterns, and make short grunt-like sounds. A sunny week should follow at approximately week 10.
Leap 3: Anywhere between 11½-12½ weeks
The world of smooth transitions: This wonder week helps babies use their senses to distinguish order and constants in their surroundings, and the transitions in sound, movement, light, taste, smell and texture. New skills after this week include following something with her eyes and/or turning her head in a fluid motion, being more active and squirmy, being able to turn her body in different directions, rolling from tummy to back, shaking a rattle, starting to make noises such as screeching and cooing, gurgling and blowing raspberries, responding to something that intrigues her with a reaction such as laughter, showing interest in light, and liking to listen to sounds with various pitches. A sunny week should follow at approximately week 13.
Leap 4: Anywhere between 14½-19½ weeks
The world of events: Babies will be able to understand how series of events lead to outcomes, and experiment with how they can make events happen. After this week your baby will be even more active, have better grasping skills, put things in her mouth, make a lot of motion with toys and activity boards, look for mum and dad, respond to her image in a mirror, make consonant sounds, recognise her name, stop during a feed and push the breast or bottle away when no longer hungry, and show signs of impatience or boredom. A sunny week should follow at approximately 21 weeks.
Leap 5: Anywhere between 22½-26½ weeks
The world of relationships: Your baby’s mobility is helped by better coordination of her limbs. She can now tell the relationships between things. This is often when separation anxiety sets in, because babies are now able to perceive distance and feel isolated from their parents. After this week, she’ll be interested in the different ways people can act, be interested in small details, start to lift and throw things to explore what’s underneath them and what they can do, try to untie things, place food in other people’s mouths, understand how words can mean actions, blow air, make noises with her tongue, and pull up into a standing position, usually with assistance. A sunny week should follow at approximately 31 weeks.
Leap 6: Anywhere between 33½-37½ weeks
The world of categories: This week is key for babies being able to recognise that various things can be grouped or categorised together, each with distinguishing characteristics and properties, and a desire to explore them. After this week your child will demonstrate that she understands some words, recognises her own reflection and perhaps plays games of peekaboo with herself, imitate others, express her moods, like to play games and sing songs, and will start to practice crawling. A sunny week should follow at approximately 39 weeks.
Leap 7: Anywhere between 41½-46½ weeks
The world of sequences: Babies now start to comprehend sequences, and how there are various steps involved for tasks and putting things together. After this week your baby will be able answer simple questions, point at things, put together simple puzzles, know how to speak on the phone, stack rings, imitate gestures, and will occasionally try to dress herself. A sunny week should follow at approximately 49 weeks.
Leap 8: Anywhere between 5½ -54½ weeks
The world of programs: This week follows on from your baby experimenting with sequences which are dependent on individual actions, and the repercussions of those actions, rather than straight repetition. Her new skills include understanding that getting dressed is a signal for activity, putting items away, showing preferences for things she wants to do, trying to draw, and using observation as a major tool for learning. A sunny week should follow at approximately 58 weeks.
Leap 9: Anywhere between 59½-61½ weeks
From theatricism to temper tantrums: Your child is now a toddler, and has a number of physical skills, can imitate and role play, use language to express emotion and to engage people, can use and understand humour, can negotiate and bargain, and tries to get her own way. Skills that can emerge after this week include expressing emotion in a number of ways (including tantrums), wanting to do things for herself, replaying domestic rituals, starting to consider and think about the future, understanding possession, and having some irrational fears.
Leap 10: Anywhere between 70½- 76½ weeks
The world of systems: As they near 20 months of age, babies are capable of understanding systems and are able to modify behaviour to suit the circumstances. Your child will also start to develop empathy and be less egocentric, and will use art forms to express emotions, along with her better language skills. After this week she’ll act out to test boundaries, learn about ownership and sharing, start to develop a fuller understanding of the concept of time, and start to both speak and understand more when spoken to.
Baby's first tooth
When that first white shark fin cut through his gum, I wanted to yelp for joy
Baby teeth eruption chart
Teething products for little mouths
Your child's first birthday party
The theme we chose for Max’s birthday was 'Hot Air Balloon'. If a theme isn’t your thing, you could always simply choose a colour scheme for table decorations and balloons.
Once you work out how many people you want to invite, my tip would be to type up your guest list in Excel. I like to keep a column for names, a column for adults and a column for kids so you can easily see a tally - this way you don’t go overboard with the invitations, and it comes in handy for catering as you can later add extra details (eg, any allergies).
If you don’t have suitable room at home, or would just like a change of scenery, check out your local play centre or activity centre; they'll charge per head and can arrange a menu, too.
If you have a theme, you may want to incorporate some of the treats into your menu. We used hot air balloon cookies, chocolate moulds, cupcakes and hot food.
You certainly don’t have to go to a lot of expense and hire costumes; you just need a little imagination.
Think of the age group of children that will be attending the party, and try and pick some activities that all ages and all genders can enjoy.
- Games such as pass-the-parcel and treasure hunts are great fun. My tip for a past the parcel prize would be a Toys’R’Us voucher - it's perfect for all ages and both boys and girls.
- Setting up a craft table can be lots of fun, and can keep the little ones entertained.
- Face painting is great for the older kids also.
- We hired a jumping castle for the smaller kids – it was a huge hit.
- Think of a fun way to incorporate things you already have at home, such as a jumping competition on the trampoline.
- Check out the party games guide on Essential Kids for more inspiration.
Some parents like buying pre-made cakes they can decorate thenselves, while others get the cake decorated by the experts.
Are you sending by mail, SMS, verbally or via email?
Working to a 'run sheet' can help make sure everything goes smoothly, and is also good reminder of what you need to do and when.
- Start with a to-do list the week before the event: eg, shopping that has to be done, order cake, order balloons, confirm venue, etc.
- The night before: eg, bake cupcakes, do up lolly bags, wrap up pass-the-parcel, make cookies, clean the house, etc.
- Pre-party: eg, set up jumping castle, set up tables, put up decorations, pick up balloons, get ice, get bread and make fairy bread, etc.
- Party: eg, 10am guests arrive, 10.30am first game, 11.00am second game, 11.30 lunch, 12.30 third game then free time, 1.30 cake and presents, 2pm lolly bags on departure.
วันเสาร์ที่ 12 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2557
Study confirms safety of childhood vaccines
Public health experts have taken a fresh look at the safety records of childhood vaccines and once again pronounced them safe.
A systematic review published Tuesday by the journal Pediatrics notes some evidence of "adverse effects" from 11 vaccines, but the authors of the 13-page report emphasise that such problems are "extremely rare" and that the benefits of routine childhood immunizations far outweigh the risks.
"Vaccines are considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century for their role in eradicating smallpox and controlling polio, measles, rubella and other infectious diseases in the United States," wrote the study authors, a group of experts from RAND Corp in Santa Monica, the University of California, and Boston Children's Hospital.
However, some parents falsely believe that these vaccines cause autism and other health problems, and they are opting out in increasing numbers. "Parental refusal of vaccines has contributed to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles and pertussis," the study authors wrote.
At the request of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the researchers scoured the medical literature for the most scientifically rigorous studies on vaccine safety in kids. In addition to the studies examined in a comprehensive 2011 report from the Institute of Medicine, they identified 67 more studies involving controlled trials. Studies using versions of vaccines that aren't available in the US were not included in the analysis.
Here's what the researchers found about each vaccine:
-DTaP: The vaccine against diptheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid and acellular pertussis does not cause Type 1 diabetes, according to the available evidence. Likewise, there's no evidence to suggest the DTaP vaccine causes any other medical conditions.
-Hib: The Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine can cause redness and swelling but not high fevers, diarrhea, fungal infections, gastroesophageal reflux disease, convulsions or other conditions serious enough to require hospitalisation.
-Hepatitis A: One of the studies reviewed demonstrated a "moderate association" between this vaccine and purpura, a short-term condition in which leaky blood vessels cause purple spots to appear on the skin. The link was found only in children between the ages of 7 and 17.
-Hepatitis B: A 2010 study reported a heightened risk of autism for boys who got this vaccine in their first month of life, but it had methodological flaws that left the authors of the new report unconvinced. They also said that the evidence suggests there is no link between this vaccine and new or relapsing cases of multiple sclerosis. However, children who are sensitive to yeast did have an increased risk of anaphylaxis.
-Inactivated polio virus: Although one study found that children who got this vaccine as newborns had a heightened risk of food allergies, the authors of the new report found the evidence too weak to be conclusive.
-Influenza: Most studies find no link between flu vaccines and any adverse events, though a few did reveal that kids who got a flu shot (either the live attenuated vaccine that is given through the nose and the inactivated vaccine that's injected into muscle) were more likely than kids who didn't to develop short-term gastrointestinal problems like diarrhea and vomiting. In addition, young children who got the inactivated vaccine had a small increased risk of febrile seizures, especially when they got their flu shots along with the pneumococcal vaccine.
-MMR: The vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella does not cause autism, the report authors wrote. However, some versions the vaccine have been linked to an increased risk of febrile seizures, short-term joint pain and purpura.
-Meningococcal: The vaccine against meningococcal disease can cause anaphylaxis in children who are allergic to its ingredients, the research team found. However, there is no link between the vaccine and fevers, malaise, hives, muscle pain, headache, changes in eating habits, severe irritability, persistent crying or severe sleepiness.
-PCV13: The vaccine against 13 pneumococcal strains does seem to increase the risk of febrile seizures, especially when given in conjunction with a flu shot.
-Rotavirus: The primary risks associated with the Rotarix or RotaTeq vaccines were cough, runny nose and irritability. The report authors found moderately strong evidence that the vaccine is linked to intussusception, "a serious disorder in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine" like a telescope, according to the Mayo Clinic. However, these adverse events are "extremely rare," according to the Pediatricsreport.
-Varicella: The Institute of Medicine report said this vaccine can cause children to get viruses that cause chickenpox or shingles; those infections can progress to pneumonia, meningitis, hepatitis, encephalitis or anaphylaxis. In addition, the researchers found evidence that the vaccine can cause purpura in children between the ages of 11 and 17.
The researchers also examined combinations of vaccines and found that they did not increase the risk of leukemia. In fact, one study from Texas suggested that vaccines may reduce the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
In sum, "evidence was found for an association of several serious AEs (adverse events) with vaccines; however, these events were extremely rare," the researchers wrote. "Our findings may allay some patient, caregiver and health care provider concerns."
A commentary also published in Pediatricsunderscored that point.
Its author, Dr. Carrie Byington of the University of Utah's department of pediatrics, noted that the benefits of vaccines - including 42,000 premature deaths and 20 million illnesses averted in children born in a single year - far outweigh the risks.
"Fortunately, the adverse events identified by the authors were rare and in most cases would be expected to resolve completely after the acute event," Byington wrote. "This contrasts starkly with the natural infections that vaccines are designed to prevent, which may reduce the quality of life through permanent morbidities, such as blindness, deafness, developmental delay, epilepsy, or paralysis and may also result in death."
Healing hugs for sick babies
The days leading up to the birth of your first baby are exciting for any new parents. But for Leana and Kyle Walter, that excitement was tinged with worry over the fact their baby would require surgery within days of being born.
Leana was told at her 12-week scan that her unborn baby girl was suffering from a condition known as gastroschisis, which cause the intestines to protrude through a hole in the umbilical cord.
The couple, from Western Australia, were referred to the high risk pregnancy unit at King Edward Memorial Hospital. They also had meetings with the Princess Margaret Hospital for Children Neonatal Team to discuss their daughter's condition, and learn about how it would be treated once she was born.
"We tried to stay as calm we could, but it obviously made the pregnancy more stressful as we worried about how our baby would go once she was born,'' Leana remembers. "All we could do was arm ourselves with as much information as possible."
Little Evelyn arrived on January 21 last year after Leana's labour was induced due to fears of pre-eclampsia. She then underwent her first surgery at just five days old.
"They had to attach a plastic bag that held all her bowel and organs and then they slowly put everything back in. They couldn't put everything in her straight away as it would be too much for her little body," Leana explains. "Waiting for her to come out of that first surgery was very stressful for us. We just sat and waited to be told the surgery had gone well and she was okay."
Fortunately the surgery went well. Baby Evelyn was transferred to the hospital's neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), where she then spent the first two months of her life.
During her time in the NICU Evelyn was placed in a piece of equipment known as a Giraffe Warmer. The warmer kept her temperature stable and allowed for medical staff to closely observe, weigh and even x-ray Evelyn without disturbing her.
The Giraffe Warmer at PMH was donated to the hospital by the Huggies Brand as part of its Huggies Hugs for Healing initiative. Since 2013 the initiative has helped fund high priority pieces of medical equipment, specifically targeted to sick babies and toddlers, which is used in the nation's hospitals. Each Giraffe Warmer costs $28,000, and Huggies is matching every dollar donated up to a total amount of $100,000.
The Hugs for Healing campaign is based around research that shows that hugs have a healing effect. Hugging releases serotonin and dopamine, the hormones that make us feel good; in addition, hugs increase oxytocin, which triggers a bonding response that makes sick children feel calm and less anxious.
Leana says the special Giraffe Warmer equipment made it much easier for little Evelyn to be kept comfortable while doctors and nurses cared for her.
"It meant her body could just recover without being disturbed,'' Leana says. "Anything to minimise the trauma she had to go through was fantastic."
During the two months their daughter spent in hospital, Leana and Kyle took turns by their baby's bedside.
Leana remembers the first two months of her daughter's life as a stressful, tiring and frightening time, as Evelyn's condition deteriorated several times before improving. The thankful mum says the amazing support she and Kyle received from hospital staff is something that will never be forgotten.
"Kyle would go in to the hospital about 5 or 6am before he had to go to work, and then I would go and do a 10-hour stint during the day," Leana says. "While you have a baby in hospital you don't enjoy it and you hate being there. But afterwards you realise just how much the nurses look after the parents as well as the babies.”
Baby Evelyn underwent surgery again at seven weeks to stitch up her abdomen. She then spent one more week in hospital recovering before finally going home with her parents.
Now, Evelyn is a happy and healthy 17-month-old who is full of energy, just like any toddler. She is also about to become a big sister, with Leana and Kyle due to welcome their second daughter next month.
"She has a check up once a year and will need one more surgery when she’s about three, but she's doing really well," Leana says."She really loves babies at the moment, so she's very excited about becoming a sister."
Huggies Hugs for Healing provides essential support and care to help heal sick babies & toddlers in each of the Children's Hospitals, the national fundraising partnership of the five major children's hospital foundations around Australia.
In addition to the Giraffe Warmer in WA, other donated equipment includes a BabyTherm Infant Warming system in Queensland, and units in NSW, Victoria and South Australia.












